Ceph broken on big-endian systems

Hello, we've been trying to get Ceph to work on IBM Z, a big-endian system, and have been running into various serious issues relating to endian conversion code. The main issue we've been seeing is that while the old-style decode/encode machinery in include/encoding.h automatically byte-swaps all integers on big-endian systems (to ensure the serialized format is always little endian), the *new-style* machinery in include/denc.h does not. This seemed confusing at first since there is quite a bit of code there that appears intended to perform exactly that function, e.g. template<typename T> struct ExtType<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<T, int32_t> || std::is_same_v<T, uint32_t>>> { using type = __le32; }; However, it turns out that at this point __le32 is actually just an alias for __u32, so this whole machinery doesn't really do anything at all. Looking at the old code in encoding.h, I notice that it works similarly, but uses ceph_le32 instead of __le32. The former is a C++ class that actually does perform byte-swap on access. Even more confusing, there is this code in include/types.h: // temporarily remap __le* to ceph_le* for benefit of shared kernel/userland headers #define __le16 ceph_le16 #define __le32 ceph_le32 #define __le64 ceph_le64 #include "ceph_fs.h" #include "ceph_frag.h" #include "rbd_types.h" #undef __le16 #undef __le32 #undef __le64 which --sometimes-- redefines __le32 as ceph_le32, but those redefines are not active at the point denc.h is included. So it would appear that the usage of __le32 in denc.h is incorrect, and this code should be using ceph_le32 instead. Is this right? But even so, grepping for __le32 throughout the code base shows quite a bit of additional places where it is used, most of which also appear to make the assumption that byte-swaps automatically happen. In addition, there appear to be some places where e.g. ceph_fs.h is included directly, without going via types.h -- and in those places, we suddenly no longer get the byte-swaps ... Now I was wondering whether the best way forward might be to just have __le32 always be defined as ceph_le32 when compiling user space code. But then I noticed that it used to be that way, but that was deliberated changed by this commit back in 2010: commit 737b5043576153817a6b4195b292672585df10d3 Author: Sage Weil &lt;sage(a)newdream.net&gt; Date: Fri May 7 13:45:00 2010 -0700 endian: simplify __le* type hackery Instead of preventing linux/types.h from being included, instead name our types ceph_le*, and remap using #define _only_ when including the shared kernel/userspace headers. So I'm a bit at a loss to understand how all this is supposed to be working. Any suggestions would be welcome -- we'd be willing to implement whatever's needed, but would like some guidance as to how the solution should look like ... Bye, Ulrich