Hello Ceph Community! I have the following very interesting problem, for which I found no clear guidelines upstream so I am hoping to get some input from the mailing list. I have a 6PB cluster in operation which is currently half full. The cluster has around 1K OSD, and the RGW data pool has 4096 pgs (and pgp_num). The issue is as follows: Let's say that we have 10 million small objects (4MB) each. 1)Is there a performance difference *when fetching* between storing all 10 million objects in one bucket and storing 1 million in 10 buckets? There should be "some" because of the different number of pgs in use, in the 2 scenarios but it is very hard to quantify. 2) What if I have 100 million objects? Is there some theoretical limit / guideline on the number of objects that I should have in a bucket before I see performance drops? I should mention here that the contents of the bucket *never need to be listed, *The user always knows how to do a curl, to get the contents. Thank you for your help, Harry P.S. The following URLs have been very informative, but they do not answer my question unfortunately. https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/red-hat-ceph-object-store-dell-emc-servers-pa... https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/scaling-ceph-billion-objects-and-beyond